Protection of olive planting stocks against parasitism of root-knot nematodes by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

The effects were investigated, under controlled conditions, of single and joint inoculation of olive planting stocks cvs Arbequina and Picual with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus intraradices , Glomus mosseae or Glomus viscosum , and the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica , on plant performance and nematode infection. Establishment of the fungal symbiosis significantly increased growth of olive plants by 88·9% within a range of 11·9–214·0%, irrespective of olive cultivar, plant age and infection by M. incognita or M. javanica . In plants free from AMF, infection by Meloidogyne spp. significantly reduced the plant main stem diameter by 22·8–38·6%, irrespective of cultivar and plant age. Establishment of AMF in olive plants significantly reduced severity of root galling by 6·3–36·8% as well as reproduction of both Meloidogyne spp. by 11·8–35·7%, indicating a protective effect against parasitism by root-knot nematodes. Infection by the nematodes influenced root colonization by AMF, but the net effect depended on the AMF isolate–olive cultivar combination. It is concluded that prior inoculation of olive plants with AMF may contribute to improving the health status and vigour of cvs Arbequina and Picual planting stocks during nursery propagation.     

Major Gene and Polygenic Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

The most common and effective way to control phoma stem canker (blackleg) caused by Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is through the breeding of resistant cultivars. Race specific major genes that mediate resistance from the seedling stage have been identified in B. napus or have been introgressed from related species. Many race specific major genes have been described and some of them are probably identical in B. napus (allotetraploid AACC) and the parental species B. rapa (diploid AA). More work is needed using a set of well-characterised isolates to determine the number of different major resistance genes available. In some B. napus cultivars, there is resistance which is polygenic (mediated by Quantitative Trait Loci) and postulated to be race non-specific. Many of these major genes and Quantitative Trait Loci for resistance to L. maculans have been located on B. napus genetic maps. Genes involved in race specific and polygenic resistance are generally distinct.     

Human serum albumin interaction with paraquat studied using spectroscopic methods

The interaction between herbicide paraquat and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Paraquat can strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA by static quenching and nonradiative energy transferring; The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play a major role in stabilizing the complex. The binding site number n and apparent binding constant K_A, corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, ΔS at different temperatures, were calculated. The distance r between donor (HSA) and acceptor (paraquat) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The effect of paraquat on the conformation of HSA was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

土-桩-结构系统运动方程的求解方法

土－结构动力相互作用分析的子结构法中，土－结构系统运动方程的刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵与频率相关。工程中通常采用系统的基本频率来计算地基的动力阻抗以简化运动方程的求解。对于土－桩－结构系统，本文提出一种时域中的精确解法来考察这种近似解法的有效性。     

Diversity of street tree populations in larger Danish municipalities

Healthy and sustainable tree populations require a high diversity of genera and species. This study examined the occurrence and contents of tree inventories in Denmark's 30 largest municipalities. 59% of the municipalities had a tree inventory for street trees, but only about half of these were complete and updated. Only one municipality had a registration for trees other than street trees. Based on data from the tree inventories, the diversity of road side trees was analyzed at genus level and species level. A total of 82,072 street trees are part of the study. 11 different genera account for 92% of the total street tree stock, and 2–6 genera account for 40–80% of the street tree stock in the individual municipalities. Tilia was the most dominating genera (26%). 12 species account for 73% of the total street tree stock. The 6 most common species account for almost 50% of the total tree population. The species representing the largest numbers were Tilia × europaea (12%), Acer platanoides (10.9%), Platanus × acerifolia (7.2%), Tilia cordata (7.2%), Fraxinus excelsior (6.2%) and Sorbus intermedia (5.9%). The four most urbanized municipalities had a surplus of non-native species, but all municipalities apart from one had most street trees belonging to native species. The concluding recommendation of this study is that tree managers need to start working more strategic with their tree stock, in order to reduce the vulnerability, due to potential attacks from pests or diseases and climate change effects. A risk spreading system for the urban tree population is proposed, suggesting that no genera should account for more than 10% and no species for more than 5% of the tree population.     

保障房信息交互机制研究

本文重点研究保障房建设过程中面临的主要问题、政府相关部门之间信息的交互模式和政府职能部门与群众之间信息的交互模式,通过对保障房信息模型以及交互功能研究,重点分析保障房实现统一信息发布、信息咨询、意见反馈、信息归纳处理,保障房建设的位置、规模、进度安排等信息的发布,保障房申请条件、程序等相关政策信息的发布和咨询,群众对保障房建设过程中的意见和建议等信息的反馈、对反馈的信息的归类整理等相关内容,通过对电子政务信息模型以及交互功能研究,对研究和应用保障房信息交互技术、促进保障房建设具有积极意义。     

梁非线性动力分析中剪力和轴力的相互影响

考虑梁的几何非线性动力问题，研究了其动力分析的中剪力和轴力相互影响的重要性，提出了剪力和轴力的相互影响是考虑系统非线性影响的关键。     

色彩构成教学改革

随着教育教学改革的不断深入，艺术设计相关课程的教学现在也逐渐重视教学设计环节及其理论的研究，尤其是教学模式的研究。应充分将传统构成教学与先进的多媒体工具相结合。为传统色彩构成教学体系注入新鲜血液，催化出更加的合理教学模式。     

东大坡不同海拔梯度木本植物群落多样性

通过对东大坡木本植物多样性的研究，发现不同海拔梯度的丰富度指数、ＳｈａｎｎｏｎＷｉｅｎｅｒ指数及Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ均匀度指数等均有一定的规律性变化，特别丰富度和多样性指数在某一海拔梯度变化尤为明显．     

北京市小龙门国家森林公园大型真菌名录

北京市小龙门国家森林公园大型真菌资源丰富。在保护区内共采集标本212号,鉴定出47种,隶属于2个门、7个目、20个科、47个种。